Page 38 - Inner front

36 ;sia wg jk l,dmh
LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT AND TYPES OF DECISIONS

Level of management and types of decisions to day administrative and operational matters of any
have three types as top level, middle level and organization.
operational level or lower level of any organization.
The levels of military decision making in
Top level is the strategic level in the management
any country has four levels as Grand strategic level,
that supposed to take strategic decisions in the
Military strategic level, Operational level and Tactical
organization. Figure 1 shows the level of management
level. National Security Council (NSC) is the highest
and the types of decision that are taking by each
level Government executive body that is dealing with
levels: military related decision making in all the states, and
Non programmed
decisions the composition may have little differences according
to the political and military hierarchy of the particular
Programmed decisions
states.
and Non programmed
decisions Grand strategic level. Grand strategic level
comprised with the President/Prime Minister that are
Decisions related
represents the national political level. Grand strategic
to routine
operations level sets the government policy on international
issues, national aims in peace and war. Unstructured
and non-programmed decisions are taken in this
Figure 1: Level of management grand strategic level.
When considering the decisions that each Military Strategic level. Ministry of Defence (MoD)
level supposed to take, top level management take long is the Military strategic level that comprised with
term non routine and non-programmed decisions Minister of defence, secretary to the Ministry of
that have a high risk since lacking the certainty defence, Director of the State Intelligence Service
about the outcome. This level take decisions for new and Chief of Defence Staff. The responsibility is the
situations where previous information related to developing, sustaining and assigning military forces
a similar situation is not available to refer. Middle to support government policy and achieve goals set
level management generally takes programmed at the Grand Strategic level in highest military level.
decisions where the guidelines are given and there Unstructured and non-programmed decisions are
are ample reference materials available to refer taken in this level.
similar decisions taken by previous occasions that
Operational level. Operational level comprised with
have a lower risk. Low level of the management is
tri forces commanders and Inspector General of Police.
taking day to day routine decisions for the operation
Responsibility is the planning military campaigns and
of particular departments of the organization in
deploying forces to achieve the strategic objectives set
order to carry out the decisions taken by the upper
by the MoD. Non programmed and programmed both
levels of the management.
decisions are taken in this operational level.
Level of decision making in the military
Tactical level. Area Commanders, Field Commanders
When the military leaders are concerned, or Component Commanders who are directing
they must well aware from top to bottom of particular operations on the ground, at sea and in the air are
organization and need to be well informed. They comes under the tactical level decision making.
should know the deployment of men, material, Decisions taken in this level are mostly programmed
all units such as Ships, Air crafts and Tanks which and structured decisions according to the given
comes under their area of responsibility. Specially, instructions and laid down procedures of higher level.
having the knowledge of state of readiness of all
Each and every department can be categorized
the men, materials and units are vital important
according to above levels, and decisions can be
factor. Military leaders must appreciate the situation
taken accordingly. Decision making process in the
and find the best course of action among several
alternatives prior take decisions. management has five steps as follows:
In the management, decision-making is the Defining and analyzing the problem. When a new
process of identifying and choosing alternatives situation arises or identified a threat, analyzes the
problem or situation and recognizes the requirement
based on the values, preferences and beliefs of the
of taking a decision.
decision-maker. This basic understanding of decision
making can be applied to the smooth handling of day