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P. 44
42 ;sia y;a jk l,dmh
l,dj Ndú;fhka kdúl mqoa.,hka oekqj;a lsrSu
iy u;ameka ÿïjeá Ndú;h je,elaùu
orefjla fuf,dj t<sh ÿgq od mgka
;u cSú;fha wjidkh olajdu lrk ixlS¾K
ufkdaaúoHd;aul ls%hdj,sh jkafka bf.kquhs'
idudkH jHjydrhg wkqj fkdokakd fohla
oek.ekSu bf.kqu f,i w¾:l:kh lrhs' tfy;a
ufkdaaúoHdkql+,j .;al, th jvd;a ixlSraK jQ
ls%hdoduhka /il tl;+jls' tfiau hï fohla u.ska
mqoa.,hdf.a yeisrSfï fjkila fõkï tu fjki
we;slsrSug bjy,a jQ ls%hdj,sh bf.kquh's whsjka
meõf,dõ" fca' î' fjdÜika" B' t,a' f;dakavhsla" úêu;a wOHdmkh
cSka mshdfcaA jeks ufkdaaúoHd{hska bf.kqu úêu;a wdh;k ;=,ska ,nk wOHdmkhhs' th
iïnkaOfhka úúO kHdhhka /ila bosrsm;a lr m%d:ñl wxYfha isg Wiia wOHdmkh olajd mdif,ka
we;' iïNdjH wdfrdamK kHdh" m%ldrl wdfrdamK yd wfkl=;a wOHdmk wdh;k j,ska Ydia;%Sh yd
kHdh" iudc bf.kqï kHdh hkdÈ kHdhhka u.ska ;dlaIKslj ,nd.kakd oekquhs'
mqoa.,hd bf.kqu ,nd.kakd úúO l%u úoHd;aul
m¾fhaIK u.ska ;yjqre lr tajd w¾:l:kh fldg wúêu;a wOHdmkh
we;' iudc wdY%fhka" rEmjdysks" mqj;am;a"
wka;¾cd,h" iudc cd,d fjí wvú" ÿrl:k wdosh
fndfydaÿrg i;=kaf.a bf.kqu i|yd uQ,sl u.ska wm fkdoekqj;aj ,nk wOHdmkhhs' mqoa.,
f,iu wdrh tkï cdkuh idOl n,mEjo Wiia wdl,am" idrO¾u yd l=i,;d j¾Okhg yd fjkia
m%cdkksl yelshdjla we;s ñksidf.a bf.kqï lsrsug;a ta wkqj mqoa., p¾hdjka fjkia lsrsug;a" ndysr
ls%hdj,sh i|yd wdrh" mqoa., w;aoelSï" ksrSlaIKh" mrsirfhka yd iudcfhka ,efnk wúêu;a wOHdmkh
mqyqKqj hk idOl n,mdhs' mqoa.,hd Wmf;a fndfyda fia n,mdhs'
mgka urKh olajd ndysr mrsirfhka ,nd.kakd
w;aoelSï" ndysr n,mEï" wNsfhda. " ksrSlaIKhka yd fkdúêu;a wOHdmkh
wkqlrKh hk idOl mqoa., p¾hdj fjkia lsrSug iqúfYaIS lKavdhula b,lal lrf.k iqúfYaIS
bjy,ajkjd fukau th mqoa.,hdf.a m%cdkksl wruqKla i|yd fï wOHdmk l%uh Wmfhda.S lr .kS'
yelshdjka tkï nqoaêh" ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj" foaYK" jevuq¿" iïuka;%K wdosh u.ska úfYaIs;
;¾lKh" .eg¿ úi`oSfï yelshdj hkdoS Wiia lKavdhula b,lal fldg mqoa., wdl,am" idrO¾u
udkisl ls%hdjka i`oyd n,mdhs' tksidu bf.kqu yd l=i,;d j¾Okhg úêu;a moaO;sfhka mrsndysrj
jvd;a ixlS¾K jQ ls%hdoduhka /il tl;+jla f,i ,ndfok wOHdmkhhs'
ye`oskaúh yelsh w;HdjYH yd jeo.;a iudc ld¾hNdrhla bgqlrk
bf.kSfï wruqKq uQ,sl ldKav y;rla hgf;a kdúl mqoa.,hska úêu;a wOHdmkh yryd ,nd f.k
oelaúh yelsh' we;s Ydia;%Sh yd ;dlaIKsl oekqu yd l=i,;d Wmfhda.S
1 oek.ekSu i|yd bf.kSu lr.ksñka úúO lafIa;%hka Tiafia ;u wxY j,g fiajh
2 hula lsrSu i|yd bf.kSu ,ndfoA' ta ta lafIa;% j,ska Tjqka ,nd.kakd w;aoelSï yd
3 tlg cSj;aùu i|yd bf.kSu m<mqreoao u; ;jÿrg;a ;u oekqu yd l=i,;d Tmakxjd
4 osú meje;au i|yd bf.kSu .ekSug Tjqkg wjia:djka ,efí'
wOHdmk{hska úiska bf.kqu" b.ekaùu" yuqoduh rduqjla ;=< ;u rdcldÍ fiajdjka
mqyqKqj hk ldrKd ixl,kh fldg th wOHdmkh bgql<o ;ks mqoa.,fhl= f,i .;al, tla tla
f,i w¾: olajd we;' ;jo" wOHdmkh hkq hïlsis kdúl mqoa.,hdf.a wdl,am" idrO¾u yd p¾hd
yelshdjka f.dkakla úêu;a f,i b.ekaùu yd rgdjka tlsfklg fjkiah' ta i|yd uQ,slju fya;=
bf.k .ekSuhs' tfiau wOHdmkh hkafkka oekqu" ù we;af;a iEu mqoa.,fhl=u ;u Wmf;a isg ,nk
iqnjdoS Ñka;khka yd {dKh fnod .ekSu;a woyia wúêu;a wOHdmkhhs' iudc bf.kqï kHdhh bosrsm;a
lrhs' wOHdmkfhaoS ufkdaaúoHd;aul" od¾Yksl" l< ufkdaaúoHd{ we,anÜ nekavQrd (Albert Bandura) g
NdIduh" iudcuh yd úoHd;aul l%fudamdhka Ndú;d wkqj mqoa.,hd ;u wjg mrsirh yd iudch ms<sn|j
lrk w;r" th uQ,sl iajrEm ;=klska bosrsm;a lr ksrSlaIKd;aul bf.kqu (Observational Learning) u.ska
we;' ;u p¾hd rgdjka yd wdl,am j¾Okh lr .kS'
