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Sayurusara 2019 December 43
dominates Asia. This ocean is the key to the seven area, but most of areas, it occurs due to global impacts
seas in the twenty-first century, the destiny of the like foreign political and military interferences.
world will be decided in these waters.”
10. The maritime security challenges in the
7. Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan (27th region are now increased up to considerable
September 1840 – 01st December 1914) who is US situation and heavily affected by the non-traditional
Navy Admiral, historian who was has been called most maritime threats. So, IOR faces a number of threats
important strategist in the 19th century. According and challenges that are originated from the sea and
to above his quotation it has clearly described the these threats and challenges can be categorized
importance of Indian Ocean and we all know, all the under following categories.
nations which have super powers are paying more
attention on the Indian Ocean region, because of a. Maritime Piracy
the strategic importance of the IOR. The Importance b. Drug Trafficking
of the IOR basically depends on two factors. The c. Maritime Terrorism
first one is maritime trade. The Indian Ocean is the d. Arms Trafficking
sea area that major sea routes connecting the East e. Maritime Pollution
Asia with Europe and the Africa. Major Sea Lines of
Communications (SLOCs) are laid across the Indian f. Maritime Natural Hazards
Ocean. These vital sea routes facilitate maritime
trade in the Indian Ocean Region and carry more g. Illegal Immigration
than half of the world’s sea-borne oil, trades and host
considerable number of world’s top container ports. h. IUU Fishing and Illegal Poaching
8. The second factor is the rich natural resources. Effect of IONS on Regional Maritime Co-operation
It is rich in energy resources and minerals such as gold,
tin, uranium, cobalt, nickel, aluminum and cadmium, 11. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to
and also contains abundant fishing resources. increase maritime co-operation among navies of
Roughly 55% of known oil reserves and 40% of gas the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region by
reserves are in the Indian Ocean region. The Gulf providing an open and inclusive forum for discussion
and Arab states produce around 21% of the world’s of regionally relevant maritime security in the Indian
oil, with daily crude exports of up to 17,262 million Ocean.. Especially, IONS was established focusing to
barrels representing about 43% of international reduce the activities of Maritime piracy, Illegal drug
exports. Indian Ocean ports handle about 30% of trafficking, Gun- running, Maritime terrorism and
global trade and half of the word’s container traffic Maritime pollution. Further, another main objective
traverses the ocean. In the same way, countries of the was the Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster
region are the world largest producers of rubber, tea Relief. So to achieve its goals, IONS makes the forum
and spices. However, the Indian Ocean has some of to exchange and discuss the ideas of littoral States to
the world’s most important choke points, notably the have common policy regarding the common issues
Straits of Hormuz, Malacca, and the Bab-el Mandeb. in the region. Mainly this forum helps to develop the
These choke points are strategically important for mutual understanding between the regional Navies
global trade and energy flow, the security of these and its development to lay a strong foundation to
choke points become strategically very important. have a good relationship between the Navies of
the region and it strengthens the regional peace.
Maritime Threats of Indian Ocean Region The IONS forum provides opportunity to discuss
the common maritime issues in IOR. Regarding
9. Most of the countries in Indian Ocean Region the Somalian piracy issue, IONS decision was most
are developing countries and always open to various successful one to counter the issue. Costal countries
struggles, especially for the terrorist activities. IOR of IOR made collective effort by doing combined
has identified as one of the area of conflicts in the anti-piracy operation near the Somalian Sea and the
world. Indian Ocean has always been vulnerable to Gulf of Aden and as a result, activities of pirates have
criminals and anti-national activities. Some conflicts drastically reduced.
are due to internal issues and remain limited to a
small 12. Drug trafficking issue still exists. It is
observed that day by day drug distributions among
the countries are increasing. Good example is Sri
Lanka. Sri Lanka is a country which does not produce
dominates Asia. This ocean is the key to the seven area, but most of areas, it occurs due to global impacts
seas in the twenty-first century, the destiny of the like foreign political and military interferences.
world will be decided in these waters.”
10. The maritime security challenges in the
7. Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan (27th region are now increased up to considerable
September 1840 – 01st December 1914) who is US situation and heavily affected by the non-traditional
Navy Admiral, historian who was has been called most maritime threats. So, IOR faces a number of threats
important strategist in the 19th century. According and challenges that are originated from the sea and
to above his quotation it has clearly described the these threats and challenges can be categorized
importance of Indian Ocean and we all know, all the under following categories.
nations which have super powers are paying more
attention on the Indian Ocean region, because of a. Maritime Piracy
the strategic importance of the IOR. The Importance b. Drug Trafficking
of the IOR basically depends on two factors. The c. Maritime Terrorism
first one is maritime trade. The Indian Ocean is the d. Arms Trafficking
sea area that major sea routes connecting the East e. Maritime Pollution
Asia with Europe and the Africa. Major Sea Lines of
Communications (SLOCs) are laid across the Indian f. Maritime Natural Hazards
Ocean. These vital sea routes facilitate maritime
trade in the Indian Ocean Region and carry more g. Illegal Immigration
than half of the world’s sea-borne oil, trades and host
considerable number of world’s top container ports. h. IUU Fishing and Illegal Poaching
8. The second factor is the rich natural resources. Effect of IONS on Regional Maritime Co-operation
It is rich in energy resources and minerals such as gold,
tin, uranium, cobalt, nickel, aluminum and cadmium, 11. IONS is a voluntary initiative that seeks to
and also contains abundant fishing resources. increase maritime co-operation among navies of
Roughly 55% of known oil reserves and 40% of gas the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region by
reserves are in the Indian Ocean region. The Gulf providing an open and inclusive forum for discussion
and Arab states produce around 21% of the world’s of regionally relevant maritime security in the Indian
oil, with daily crude exports of up to 17,262 million Ocean.. Especially, IONS was established focusing to
barrels representing about 43% of international reduce the activities of Maritime piracy, Illegal drug
exports. Indian Ocean ports handle about 30% of trafficking, Gun- running, Maritime terrorism and
global trade and half of the word’s container traffic Maritime pollution. Further, another main objective
traverses the ocean. In the same way, countries of the was the Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster
region are the world largest producers of rubber, tea Relief. So to achieve its goals, IONS makes the forum
and spices. However, the Indian Ocean has some of to exchange and discuss the ideas of littoral States to
the world’s most important choke points, notably the have common policy regarding the common issues
Straits of Hormuz, Malacca, and the Bab-el Mandeb. in the region. Mainly this forum helps to develop the
These choke points are strategically important for mutual understanding between the regional Navies
global trade and energy flow, the security of these and its development to lay a strong foundation to
choke points become strategically very important. have a good relationship between the Navies of
the region and it strengthens the regional peace.
Maritime Threats of Indian Ocean Region The IONS forum provides opportunity to discuss
the common maritime issues in IOR. Regarding
9. Most of the countries in Indian Ocean Region the Somalian piracy issue, IONS decision was most
are developing countries and always open to various successful one to counter the issue. Costal countries
struggles, especially for the terrorist activities. IOR of IOR made collective effort by doing combined
has identified as one of the area of conflicts in the anti-piracy operation near the Somalian Sea and the
world. Indian Ocean has always been vulnerable to Gulf of Aden and as a result, activities of pirates have
criminals and anti-national activities. Some conflicts drastically reduced.
are due to internal issues and remain limited to a
small 12. Drug trafficking issue still exists. It is
observed that day by day drug distributions among
the countries are increasing. Good example is Sri
Lanka. Sri Lanka is a country which does not produce
