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70 Sayurusara 2020 December
tks.audj ì`ofy,Su
hqo úYaf,aYlhskag wkqj 1948 j¾Ih muK hka;%hla ;sìh hq;=hs' kdis yuqod w;sYh ryis.;j
jk f;la mj;S hehs is;+ fojk f,dal hqoaOh 1945 uilg muk fmr ieliqï" mKsúv yqjudre lrejkag
j¾IfhaoS wjika jQ w;r tfia ùug n,mE fya;+ ,ndÿka neúka tu fla; leãug kï i;=re md¾Yjhg
ldrKd i
Tn fndfyda úg fkdoek isákakg we;'
fï w;r tx.,ka; yuqodj úiska fmda,ka;fhaoS
hqoaOfha uq,a wjêh jk úg c¾uksh m%n, fydr ryfiau tks.aud hka;%hla meyer.kq ,nkjd'
f,i bosßhg wefokakg jqkd' m%xYh fmda,ka;h jeks kuq;a osfkka osk ieliqï fjkia lrk ldrKh u;
hqfrdamd rgj,a hg;alrf.k l%ul%ufhka bosßhg Tjqkg o mKsjqv úfla;Kh lsÍug fkdyels jQ w;r
wefoñka isá kdiSka i;=j oshqKq mKsjqv yqjudre fuu .eg¿j úioSug tx.,ka; nqoaê wxY úiska The
l%uhla ;snqkd' FM/AM ;rx. fhdod .ksñka fla;Kh hut 8 kñka lKavdhula m;alrkjd' tu lKavdhu
l< mKsjqv Tiafia wfkl=;a rgj,a ikaksfõokh fla; ì`§fï úfYaI{hskaf.ka iukaú; jkjd' tys isá
lrk úg tajd úYaf,aIKh l< kdiSkaf.a fla; olaIhska w;r we,ka ue;sika áhqßka kï w;solaIfhla
ì¢kakka b;d blaukska tajd f;areï .;a;d' tfy;a isákjd' tl, Tyq lD;su nqoaêh ms
c¾uka yuqod ikaksfõokfhaoS Ndú;d l< ryia fla; Computer Machinery Intelligence kï .%ka:h ksid o
leãug kï lsisfjl=g;a fkdyels jQ w;r thg ckm%shj isá mqoa.,fhla' fuu .%ka;h tod isg fï
fya;=j jQfha c¾uksh Ndú;d l< tks.aud ^m%fya,sldj olajd lD;su nqoaêh mÍlaId lsÍfïoS Ndú;hg .kakd
hk wre;a fohs& kï hka;%hhs' th w;s ixlS¾K .%ka:hla ùuo úfYaIH;ajhla' tys ;sfnk áhqßka
mKsjqv fla;Kh l,yels WmlrKhla jQjd' kï mÍlaIKh u.ska isÿ lrkafka hka;%hl yeisrSu
ksÍlaIKh lsÍuhs' fuysoS tla wka;hl ñksfil= isák
m
cd;sl wd;¾ Y¾ìhia (Arthur Scherbius) hk wh ù we;s hka;%hlg Tyq yd hka;% u`.ska os.ska os.gu
úiska ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk w;r uq,a hq.fha fuu mKsjqv tjkq ,nkjd' hka;%fha m%Ópdr wkqj tla
mKsjqv t;rï ixlS¾K njla fmkakqï fkdl,;a wjia:djl mKsjqv ksl=;a lrkafka hka;%h o ñksid
kdis yuqodj úiska fuu fla; heùu w;s ixlS¾K o hkak y`ÿkd .; fkdyels jkjd' túg hka;%h
f,i isÿlrk whqßka tks.audj ks¾udKh lsÍug áhqßka mÍlaIKh iu;ajQjd hehs i
;rï olaI jQjd' h;=re ,shkhl yevh we;s fuh
oe;s frdao ;=klska fyda y;rlska iukaú; jQ w;r fï isoaOdka;h Ndú;fhka
tla tla oe;s frdaoh bx.%Sis fydaäfha ta wlaIrfha we,ka áhqßka úiska w;s
isg bfiâ wlaIrh ^A - Z& olajd l%udxlKh fldg oejeka; hka;%hla ksmojkq
;snqKq w;r miq jeä oshqKq lsÍï j,oS fuhg h;=re ,nkjd' fuh fndïì
mqjrejla ^Switch Board& tl;= lrkq ,enqjd' (Bombe) f,i kï lrk
oe;sfrdao iy h;=re mqjrefõ we;s tl ieliqula w;r fï hka;%h u`.ska
u`.ska thg we;=¿ kdiSkaf.a mKsjqv j,
lrk jpkh lsis`ÿ wka;¾.; fla; úfla;Kh
f;areula fkdue;s lsÍu tx.,ka;h úiska
wl=re f.dvlau isÿ lrkjd' kuq;a hqo
njg m;afjk ie w;r fuu h;=re tx.,ka;h c¾ukshg
tks.aud hka;%h mqjrej wdOdrfhka tljr myroSula isÿ fkdlrk w;r kdiskag iel
tlsfklg fjkia fkdisf;k wdldrhg wyUq f,i m%ydr osh;a lrkjd'
ieliqï ñ,shk w;a,dka;sla id.r fufyhqï j,oS kdiska ,enQ oreKq
.Kka fyda ,nd mrdchg;a fuu fufyhqï fya;+ jQ nj ie, fjkjd'
.ekSfï yelshdj fld;ek fyda jeroaola isÿù we;ehs iel lrk
mj;skjd' tfukau c¾uksh tks.aud hka;%hg jvd oshqKq tjeksu hka;%hla
Wml%uhla f,ig ksmojkjd' kuq;a áhqßkaf.a nqoaêh yuqfõ th o
kdiska úiska fuys mqiaila njg m;afjkjd' hqoaOh wjika jQjdg miq
ieliqï oskm;d fjkia lrkq ,nkjd' ;jo hqo" we,ka áhqßka National Physical Laboratory wxYhg
.=jka iy kdúl wxY ;=kg fjk fjku mKsjqv ne£ lghq;= lrkq ,nk w;r Tyq iußis mqoa.,fhl=
yqjudre lsÍfï l%ufõohla mej;=k w;r mKsjqv njg wkdjrKh ùu;a iu`. rdcH fiajfhka myfldg
,nkakd i;=j;a tu ieliqugu ieliQ tks.aud .eyekq fydafudak tkak;a lrkq ,nkjd'
tks.audj ì`ofy,Su
hqo úYaf,aYlhskag wkqj 1948 j¾Ih muK hka;%hla ;sìh hq;=hs' kdis yuqod w;sYh ryis.;j
jk f;la mj;S hehs is;+ fojk f,dal hqoaOh 1945 uilg muk fmr ieliqï" mKsúv yqjudre lrejkag
j¾IfhaoS wjika jQ w;r tfia ùug n,mE fya;+ ,ndÿka neúka tu fla; leãug kï i;=re md¾Yjhg
ldrKd i
Tn fndfyda úg fkdoek isákakg we;'
fï w;r tx.,ka; yuqodj úiska fmda,ka;fhaoS
hqoaOfha uq,a wjêh jk úg c¾uksh m%n, fydr ryfiau tks.aud hka;%hla meyer.kq ,nkjd'
f,i bosßhg wefokakg jqkd' m%xYh fmda,ka;h jeks kuq;a osfkka osk ieliqï fjkia lrk ldrKh u;
hqfrdamd rgj,a hg;alrf.k l%ul%ufhka bosßhg Tjqkg o mKsjqv úfla;Kh lsÍug fkdyels jQ w;r
wefoñka isá kdiSka i;=j oshqKq mKsjqv yqjudre fuu .eg¿j úioSug tx.,ka; nqoaê wxY úiska The
l%uhla ;snqkd' FM/AM ;rx. fhdod .ksñka fla;Kh hut 8 kñka lKavdhula m;alrkjd' tu lKavdhu
l< mKsjqv Tiafia wfkl=;a rgj,a ikaksfõokh fla; ì`§fï úfYaI{hskaf.ka iukaú; jkjd' tys isá
lrk úg tajd úYaf,aIKh l< kdiSkaf.a fla; olaIhska w;r we,ka ue;sika áhqßka kï w;solaIfhla
ì¢kakka b;d blaukska tajd f;areï .;a;d' tfy;a isákjd' tl, Tyq lD;su nqoaêh ms
c¾uka yuqod ikaksfõokfhaoS Ndú;d l< ryia fla; Computer Machinery Intelligence kï .%ka:h ksid o
leãug kï lsisfjl=g;a fkdyels jQ w;r thg ckm%shj isá mqoa.,fhla' fuu .%ka;h tod isg fï
fya;=j jQfha c¾uksh Ndú;d l< tks.aud ^m%fya,sldj olajd lD;su nqoaêh mÍlaId lsÍfïoS Ndú;hg .kakd
hk wre;a fohs& kï hka;%hhs' th w;s ixlS¾K .%ka:hla ùuo úfYaIH;ajhla' tys ;sfnk áhqßka
mKsjqv fla;Kh l,yels WmlrKhla jQjd' kï mÍlaIKh u.ska isÿ lrkafka hka;%hl yeisrSu
ksÍlaIKh lsÍuhs' fuysoS tla wka;hl ñksfil= isák
m
cd;sl wd;¾ Y¾ìhia (Arthur Scherbius) hk wh ù we;s hka;%hlg Tyq yd hka;% u`.ska os.ska os.gu
úiska ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk w;r uq,a hq.fha fuu mKsjqv tjkq ,nkjd' hka;%fha m%Ópdr wkqj tla
mKsjqv t;rï ixlS¾K njla fmkakqï fkdl,;a wjia:djl mKsjqv ksl=;a lrkafka hka;%h o ñksid
kdis yuqodj úiska fuu fla; heùu w;s ixlS¾K o hkak y`ÿkd .; fkdyels jkjd' túg hka;%h
f,i isÿlrk whqßka tks.audj ks¾udKh lsÍug áhqßka mÍlaIKh iu;ajQjd hehs i
;rï olaI jQjd' h;=re ,shkhl yevh we;s fuh
oe;s frdao ;=klska fyda y;rlska iukaú; jQ w;r fï isoaOdka;h Ndú;fhka
tla tla oe;s frdaoh bx.%Sis fydaäfha ta wlaIrfha we,ka áhqßka úiska w;s
isg bfiâ wlaIrh ^A - Z& olajd l%udxlKh fldg oejeka; hka;%hla ksmojkq
;snqKq w;r miq jeä oshqKq lsÍï j,oS fuhg h;=re ,nkjd' fuh fndïì
mqjrejla ^Switch Board& tl;= lrkq ,enqjd' (Bombe) f,i kï lrk
oe;sfrdao iy h;=re mqjrefõ we;s tl ieliqula w;r fï hka;%h u`.ska
u`.ska thg we;=¿ kdiSkaf.a mKsjqv j,
lrk jpkh lsis`ÿ wka;¾.; fla; úfla;Kh
f;areula fkdue;s lsÍu tx.,ka;h úiska
wl=re f.dvlau isÿ lrkjd' kuq;a hqo
njg m;afjk ie
tks.aud hka;%h mqjrej wdOdrfhka tljr myroSula isÿ fkdlrk w;r kdiskag iel
tlsfklg fjkia fkdisf;k wdldrhg wyUq f,i m%ydr osh;a lrkjd'
ieliqï ñ,shk w;a,dka;sla id.r fufyhqï j,oS kdiska ,enQ oreKq
.Kka fyda ,nd mrdchg;a fuu fufyhqï fya;+ jQ nj ie, fjkjd'
.ekSfï yelshdj fld;ek fyda jeroaola isÿù we;ehs iel lrk
mj;skjd' tfukau c¾uksh tks.aud hka;%hg jvd oshqKq tjeksu hka;%hla
Wml%uhla f,ig ksmojkjd' kuq;a áhqßkaf.a nqoaêh yuqfõ th o
kdiska úiska fuys mqiaila njg m;afjkjd' hqoaOh wjika jQjdg miq
ieliqï oskm;d fjkia lrkq ,nkjd' ;jo hqo" we,ka áhqßka National Physical Laboratory wxYhg
.=jka iy kdúl wxY ;=kg fjk fjku mKsjqv ne£ lghq;= lrkq ,nk w;r Tyq iußis mqoa.,fhl=
yqjudre lsÍfï l%ufõohla mej;=k w;r mKsjqv njg wkdjrKh ùu;a iu`. rdcH fiajfhka myfldg
,nkakd i;=j;a tu ieliqugu ieliQ tks.aud .eyekq fydafudak tkak;a lrkq ,nkjd'
