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“Deterrence through Detection” UNCLASSIFIED

a. Surveillance. Surveillance of a particular area is used to locate maritime
forces and contribute to maritime situational awareness so the relevant agencies
could coordinate further action.

b. Identification and Recognition. Identification and recognition is part of
the process of establishing a datum and determines the identity of detected
contacts.

c. Shadowing. Shadowing is the continual observation of a ship or force for
the purpose of reporting its location, movement, composition and other relevant
information.

d. Attack. Attack can be carried out autonomously by a platform or the
platform can act as a target designator for attack by other assets.

48. Surveillance, identification, recognition and shadowing require sensors that can

provide accurate target discrimination, position and identification, together with secure
and robust communications. MPA, maritime helicopters or ship-borne unmanned
aircraft (UA) can provide this capability, but so too can Air Early Warning (AEW)
aircraft and other suitably equipped air component assets. In this scenario, aircraft
equipped with advanced maritime radar and maritime automatic identification system
receivers operate at height to extend on station time and increase radar coverage.

49. Anti-Submarine Warfare. The aim of ASW is to deny the adversary effective use

of submarines. Countering the submarine threat demands an extensive range of
specialized capabilities to search, locate, classify, track and attack. This may involve the
use of MPA, helicopters, friendly submarines, surface ships or other aircraft. There are
two overall strategies that are available to the maritime commander when conducting
ASW operations:

a. Offensive ASW. The purpose of offensive ASW is to deny the submarine
access to the environment where it can operate with tactical freedom. It could
involve the blockade of ports or an attack before the submarines can manoeuvre
into the open ocean. Though a maritime mission, joint force strike assets could
be requested to conduct offensive ASW tasks.

b. Defensive ASW. Defensive ASW is conducted in areas where the

submarine can operate with tactical freedom. The reactive speed and endurance
of MPA often means that they are the primary assets available to counter the
submarine threat.

Good coordination between maritime and air assets, as well as sound water and
airspace management are essential to enhance the probability of detection.

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UNCLASSIFIED “Deterrence through Detection”