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“Deterrence through Detection” UNCLASSIFIED

given the limitations of platforms and associated budgeting for a considerable force
structure to operate in our maritime domain. Thus, integration of air power including
unmanned systems into fleet operations and missions are cost effective and force-
multipliers.

a. MDA - Capability and capacity for real time MDA is critical for the

execution and realization of desired effects in our Sea Area of Interests (SAOI).
Capabilities include surveillance, detection and classification for deterrence,
defence and interdiction. This could also be attributed as central to other
functions efficacy and actualization of optimum results. MDA as per the IMO
definition is, “the effective understanding of anything associated with the
maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy or
environment”. SLN understands the need for a comprehensive Maritime
Operational Picture (MOPP) which includes but not limited to the surface, sub-
surface and air dimensions. A more holistic approach would be the inclusion of
safety and security into this matrix. In a sense, this elucidates having credible
MDA improves safety, which in turn supports safe navigation by monitoring
weather conditions, vessel traffic and potential hazards at sea. It also helps
prevent collisions and accidents ensuring safety of vessels, crew and cargo.
Establishing a clear and precise maritime picture in our maritime jurisdiction
and in the SAOI provides for the effective and efficient utility of available assets,
resources especially considering our inherent limitations.

b. Defence – Defence of critical infrastructure / resources, strategic and

operational centers of gravity (COG) that are vital to the sustenance, survival,
security and safety of the state, without which would be perilous to our way of
life, societal progress and prosperity.

c. Deterrence – Deterrence is the ability of demonstrating a credible threat

to adversaries in appraising risk and costs associated with any form of
aggression or actions in our domain and against our state. In addition,
considering lower levels of conflict, visible presence deters lawless behaviours.
This is effective with actual and potential adversaries and unlawful elements
when made aware of risks, costs of any course of action (COA) would outweigh
any potential benefit(s). In this regard forward presence is also a key attribute
of deterrence in our maritime domain.

d. Maritime Security – Maritime security operations are conducted to

create desired effects and conditions for security and protection of sovereignty
in our maritime domain/ area of interest. This incorporates actions to prevent
and respond to transnational crimes, piracy, maritime terrorism, arms smuggling
including proliferation of radio-active hazardous materials/WMDs, illegal
migration, human trafficking, protect living and non-living marine resources,
environmental hazards and events. Further, maritime security also involves
participation in joint and combined security cooperation operations with local,
regional and international allies and partners. The onus of these operations are

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UNCLASSIFIED “Deterrence through Detection”